Surface sterilization method for reducing contamination of <i>Clinacanthus nutans</i> nodal explants intended for <i>in-vitro</i> culture

Surface sterilization is a vital step in preparation of healthy and viable explants tissue culture. Most surface contaminants can be eliminated by with suitable sterilizing agent. The study aimed to present an effective disinfection method for Clinacanthus nutans shoot regeneration using nodal segments. A total four different approaches were conducted treating various concentrations Sterilizing agents used Rhizophora apiculata Pyroligneous acid (PA), sodium hypochlorite (Clorox) thiophanate-methyl (fungicide), Mercuric chloride (HgCl 2 ). Nodal explant then was cultured on plant growth regulator-free Murashige Skoog (MS) basal medium. This revealed that PA showed strong bactericidal activity. However, it led high number fungal contaminations. pyroligneous did not exhibit potential as disinfectant C. explant. Overall, HgCl exhibits the best reduction contamination gives significant result fungicide. mercuric (0.2%) 1 hour optimum concentration duration, which resulted highest percentage survival viability. All segments developed into shoots. It had been concluded agent .